Background: In the previous studies, we have designed the Self-evaluation Scoring Questionnaire for High-risk Individuals of Lung Cancer. In order to make a better understanding of the status of risk factors of lung cancer for residents in Chengdu, we carried out the investigation from June 2009 to December 2009.
Methods: With the stratified random sampling method, eligible residents were included and their risk factors of lung cancer were collected with the Self-evaluation Scoring Questionnaire for High-risk Individuals of Lung Cancer.
Results: According to the criteria of the questionnaire, 21.34% of the population were at high risk of lung cancer. The smoking rate for male was 48.58%, higher than that of 2.65% for female. About 5.39% of male smokers began smoking before 15 years old. The average daily tobacco consumption in the most population was less than 20 pieces, with a duration between 20 to 40 years. However, there were 11.34% of all women suffered from passive smoking, and another 15.30% and 5.86% of residents were exposed to cooking fumes, minerals or asbestos. As for the previous illness history, 0.77%-18.08% of individuals have connective tissue diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, emphysema and others. Finally, 4.91% of residents endured the long-term mental depression, and 7.24% had a positive family history of tumors.
Conclusions: The status of risk factors for lung cancer among residents in Chengdu was not optimistic. It should be paid more attention to tobacco control and environmental improvement to improve people's health.
背景与目的: 肺癌危险因素的定义尚不统一，也无一种对个体危险因素评估的公认方法。本课题组在前期研究中设计完成了《肺癌高危人群自查评分表》，并对量表的价值进行了检验。为了解成都市居民的肺癌危险因素现况，本课题组于2009年6月-2009年12月采用该量表对成都市部分居民进行问卷调查。
方法: 分层随机抽样抽取成都市部分40岁以上常住居民，采用《肺癌高危人群自查评分表》对其进行问卷调查。
结果: 按照评分标准，约21.34%居民为高危人群。总人群中男性吸烟率为48.58%，明显高于女性2.65%；5.39%的男性吸烟者在15岁之前开始吸烟；大部分个体平均每日吸烟量≤20支，吸烟持续时间20年-40年。11.34%的女性有被动吸烟，主要来源于丈夫。15.30%和5.86%的居民有油烟暴露或职业性矿物、石棉接触史；另0.77%-18.08%的个体有结缔组织疾病、肺结核、肺气肿等病史；4.91%的居民经常感到精神压抑；7.24%有肿瘤家族史。
结论: 成都市40岁以上居民的肺癌危险因素状况尚不乐观，但大多是可控制的吸烟、油烟暴露等不良生活习惯。应加强烟草控制、环境改善等措施，以减少肺癌的发病风险，增进人民健康。