[TAP block and blocks of the abdominal wall]

Abstract

Since the revolution of ultrasound in regional anesthesia, new techniques have arisen. The "transversus abdominis plane" block or TAP block is one of them. The benefits of a TAP block for postoperative analgesia have been shown mostly after laparotomy. Because this block seems to be technically easy, many anesthesiologists have quickly adopted it. However, the TAP block presents some technical specificities and knowledge of the anatomy is required. This article reviews the anatomy of the abdominal wall, the different blocks, the indications, the complications, and highlights the many unanswered questions left. This review proposes a new vision of the abdominal wall blocks based on a new understanding of the anatomy of the abdominal wall associated with an ultrasound technique.