High-risk human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Head Neck. 2012 Feb;34(2):213-8. doi: 10.1002/hed.21714. Epub 2011 Apr 11.

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), a cause of oropharyngeal carcinoma, has also been implicated as an etiologic agent in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

Methods: We performed p16 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HPV on 45 carcinomas of the nasopharynx.

Results: Thirty-four (76%) carcinomas were EBV-positive/HPV-negative, 7 (16%) were EBV-negative/HPV-negative, and 4 (9%) were EBV-negative/HPV-positive. HPV was more likely to be detected in carcinomas from white patients than non-white patients (16% vs 0%; p = .03). Of the 3 patients with HPV-positive carcinomas and available staging information, all were found to have extension into the oropharynx. All HPV-positive carcinomas were p16 positive, but none of the HPV-negative carcinomas were p16 positive (p < .001).

Conclusion: HPV can be detected in a subset of carcinomas involving the nasopharynx, but many of these may represent extension from an oropharyngeal primary. P16 immunohistochemistry is a reliable marker for separating EBV-related and HPV-related carcinomas of Waldheyer's ring.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Carcinoma
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human / isolation & purification*
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / virology*
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism
  • Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification*
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • CDKN2A protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
  • Neoplasm Proteins