Recently, managing thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) identified incidentally by increased use of computed tomography especially in the elderly. Although many TAA are degenerative in etiology, other common causes of thoracic aortic pathology include connective tissue diseases. In our country, current knowledge of prevalence, incidence and survival in TAA is based on a few studies from a dated era of treatment and diagnostic procedures. Surgical repair (open surgery and endovascular surgery) of TAA may carry low morbidity and mortality, depending on experience of the surgeon and operative technique used. In fact, surgical strategies for the treatment of TAA have been dramatically changed in this decade, resulting in better outcomes. Nevertheless, considering mortality and morbidity, TAA is still serious problem for patient life. Therefore, methods to assess risk of rupture to help determine the best time for surgical repair and the knowledge of accurately TAA data are very important. The major concern in the surgical repair of TAA is the risk of cerebral infarction, paraplegia and hospital death. We classified TAA into 5 categories; annulo aortic ectasia (AAE), ascending aortic aneurysm, aortic arch aneurysm, descending thoracic aneurysm and thoracoabdominal aneurysm. Here we describe the epidemiology, surgical outcomes, long-term outcomes and complication rate focused cerebral infarction and paraplegia in subjects with TAA for each groups.