Chronic wounds represent a significant burden to patients, health care professionals, and the health care system. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as a novel class of gene expression modulators involved in regulation of multiple biological processes, including development, differentiation, organogenesis, inflammation, cell proliferation, growth control, and apoptosis. Importantly, aberrant expression or activity of miRNAs can lead to a disease state. However, the role of miRNAs in chronic wounds remains to be elucidated. This article reviews available literature on the role of miRNAs in a range of processes important for successful wound healing including epidermal differentiation and proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis. The potential role of miRNAs in normal wound healing and their contribution to chronic wound pathology has been anticipated. The prospective use of miRNAs as markers for surgical debridement, and as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for chronic wounds is also discussed.