Accelerated heterologous adenovirus prime-boost SIV vaccine in neonatal rhesus monkeys

J Virol. 2012 Aug;86(15):7829-35. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00512-12. Epub 2012 May 16.

Abstract

A pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine would be desirable to protect infants against HIV-1 transmission from breast-feeding. Such a vaccine would need to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces in neonates as soon as possible after birth. Recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vectors have been shown to elicit potent systemic and mucosal virus-specific immune responses in adult nonhuman primates and humans, but these vectors have not previously been comprehensively studied in infants. In this study, we demonstrate that a single injection of rAd26 encoding simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 (SIVmac239) Gag on the day of birth elicited detectable Gag-specific cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys, but these responses were transient and waned quickly. In contrast, an accelerated heterologous prime-boost regimen involving administration of rAd35 at birth and rAd26 at 4 weeks of life elicited potent and durable Gag-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in neonatal rhesus monkeys, including mucosal responses that remained detectable at 1 year of age. These results suggest the potential of an accelerated heterologous rAd prime-boost regimen as a candidate HIV-1 vaccine for newborns.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • AIDS Vaccines / genetics
  • AIDS Vaccines / immunology
  • Adenoviridae*
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gene Products, gag / genetics
  • Gene Products, gag / immunology*
  • HIV-1 / genetics
  • HIV-1 / immunology
  • Immunity, Cellular
  • Immunity, Mucosal*
  • Immunization, Secondary*
  • Macaca mulatta
  • Male
  • SAIDS Vaccines / genetics
  • SAIDS Vaccines / immunology*
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / genetics
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology*
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / prevention & control

Substances

  • AIDS Vaccines
  • Gene Products, gag
  • SAIDS Vaccines