A global risk approach to identify patients with left main or 3-vessel disease who could safely and efficaciously be treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: the SYNTAX Trial at 3 years

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012 Jun;5(6):606-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.03.016.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the additional value of the Global Risk--a combination of the SYNTAX Score (SXscore) and additive EuroSCORE--in the identification of a low-risk population, who could safely and efficaciously be treated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: PCI is increasingly acceptable in appropriately selected patients with left main stem or 3-vessel coronary artery disease.

Methods: Within the SYNTAX Trial (Synergy between PCI with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery Trial), all-cause death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were analyzed at 36 months in low (GRC(LOW)) to high Global Risk groups, with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Cox regression analyses.

Results: Within the randomized left main stem population (n = 701), comparisons between GRC(LOW) groups demonstrated a significantly lower mortality with PCI compared with CABG (CABG: 7.5%, PCI: 1.2%, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03 to 0.70, p = 0.0054) and a trend toward reduced MACCE (CABG: 23.1%, PCI: 15.8%, HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.07, p = 0.088). Similar analyses within the randomized 3-vessel disease population (n = 1,088) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in mortality (CABG: 5.2%, PCI: 5.8%, HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.30, p = 0.71) or MACCE (CABG: 19.0%, PCI: 24.7%, HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.92, p = 0.10). Risk-model performance and reclassification analyses demonstrated that the EuroSCORE-with the added incremental benefit of the SXscore to form the Global Risk-enhanced the risk stratification of all PCI patients.

Conclusions: In comparison with the SXscore, the Global Risk, with a simple treatment algorithm, substantially enhances the identification of low-risk patients who could safely and efficaciously be treated with CABG or PCI.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00114972.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Algorithms
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* / adverse effects
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* / instrumentation
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* / mortality
  • Cerebrovascular Disorders / etiology
  • Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / adverse effects
  • Coronary Artery Bypass* / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Disease / diagnosis
  • Coronary Artery Disease / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Disease / surgery
  • Coronary Artery Disease / therapy*
  • Decision Support Techniques
  • Drug-Eluting Stents
  • Female
  • Heart Diseases / etiology
  • Heart Diseases / mortality
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Selection
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Registries
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00114972