Impact of omalizumab on emergency-department visits, hospitalizations, and corticosteroid use among patients with uncontrolled asthma

Abstract

Background: Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody indicated for moderate to severe allergic asthma patients with inadequately controlled symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of omalizumab on emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and corticosteroid use among patients with uncontrolled asthma using high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA).

Methods: Health insurance claims from the MarketScan database (2002Q1-2009Q1) were analyzed. Patients with 12 months or more of continuous insurance coverage before and after the first omalizumab dispensing, 8 or more weeks of high-dose ICS use, 8 or more weeks of LABA use, and uncontrolled asthma at baseline were included. A retrospective analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of omalizumab on resource use by comparing ED visits, hospitalizations, and corticosteroid use 1 year before and after omalizumab initiation. A 1-year period was chosen to cover any potential seasonality impacts.

Results: In total, 644 patients (mean age, 49.9; female, 59.2%) formed the study population. Omalizumab was associated with a 48.6% reduction in the proportion of patients with 1 or more asthma-related ED visits (pre vs post-omalizumab period: 21.4% vs 11.0%; P < .001) and a 40.8% reduction in asthma-related hospitalizations (25.0% vs 14.8%, respectively, P < .001). Compared with the pre-omalizumab period, the use of ICS decreased significantly after omalizumab initiation (7.8 vs 6.5 dispensings, P < .001; 41.9% of patients had a reduction in ICS use). A similar reduction in oral corticosteroid use was observed (5.0 vs 3.6 dispensings, P < .001; 53.3% of patients had a reduction in oral corticosteroid use).

Conclusion: The current analysis showed that omalizumab treatment initiation was associated with significant reductions in ED visits, hospitalizations, and corticosteroid use.