Social factors may heavily influence cancer screening decisions and practices among Latinas, given the importance their culture places on close, interpersonal relationships. Recommendations by healthcare providers, family and friends have been associated with early detection strategies among US-based Latina populations, but little is known about other Latin American populations. Furthermore, less is known about mechanisms underlying this relationship. In this study, we sought to (i) understand if different types of recommendations were associated with subsequent plans to obtain a mammogram and (ii) assess the potential mediating roles of perceived importance of these recommendations and self-efficacy. Our sample included 250 women residing in a low-income, urban area of Santiago, Chile, and who had participated in a 6-month intervention to increase mammography screening, but remained non-compliant. Women who received family recommendations were more likely to indicate they planned to receive a mammogram in the next 6 months. Perceived self-efficacy mediated this relationship, such that women who received a family recommendation appeared to be more likely to plan to get a mammogram because of increased perceived capabilities to do so. Future research should consider the cultural context of family and self-efficacy in the development of screening interventions for Latinas.