Background: Delay in fracture healing is a complex clinical and economic issue for patients and health services.
Objectives: To assess the incremental effectiveness and costs of bone morphogenetic protein on fracture healing in fractures and nonunions compared with standards of care.
Search strategy: We searched The Cochrane Library (2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE, and other major health and health economics databases (to October 2008).
Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and full or partial economic evaluations of bone morphogenetic protein for fracture healing in skeletally mature adults.
Data collection and analysis: All clinical and economic data were extracted by one author and checked by another.