The implantation of a left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder has evolved into an established non-pharmacological alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. While 2 randomized trials investigated the LAA occluder as an alternative treatment in patients who can also undergo OAC, current guidelines recommend the LAA occluder rather as a second line therapy if permanent OAC is not possible due to contraindications. This is in line with current practice where an LAA occluder is usually only implanted if OAC is contraindicated or stopped due to bleeding. The LAA occluder seems most promising for patients with a high risk for both, stroke without OAC and severe bleeding with OAC. After patient informed consent, the LAA occluder may also represent an option for patients who are unwilling to undergo OAC. Since a large proportion of patients do not receive OAC despite an indication (because of contraindications or mere fear of bleeding) and since the majority of patients have to stop OAC during the course of 2 years, mostly due to bleeding, the LAA occluder may play an important role in the long-term prophylaxis of cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation.