Atypical combined immunodeficiency due to Artemis defect: a case presenting as hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome and with LGLL

Abstract

SCID can be caused by various genetic mutations leading to distinctive phenotypes according to the presence of T, B and NK cells. Artemis is a gene encoded on chromosome 10p. The deficiency of this molecule causes an inability to repair DNA double strand breaks and is one of the causes of radiosensitive T-B-NK+ SCID. The syndrome usually presents with opportunistic infections in the first years of life that leads to death if not treated with stem cell transplantation. The spectrum of the disease can be wide because of the heterogeneity of the mutations. Herein we present an atypical SCID (CID) patient with Artemis defect mimicking hyper IgM syndrome. Our patient had high serum IgM with low IgG and IgA levels, lymphocytosis and recurrent infections, intractable diarrhea, growth retardation, systemic CMV infection and sclerosing cholangitis. He also developed large granular lymphocytic leukemia and survived until the age of 6.5 years.

Keywords: Artemis; Hyper IgM syndrome; SCID.