Spatially separated spin carriers in spin-semiconducting graphene nanoribbons

Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Aug 30;111(9):096803. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.096803. Epub 2013 Aug 29.

Abstract

A graphene nanoribbon with sawtooth edges has a ferromagnetic ground state. Using first-principles and tight-binding model calculations, we show that, under a transverse electrical field, the sawtooth graphene nanoribbons become a spin semiconductor whose charge carriers are not only spin polarized in energy space but also spatially separated at different edges. Low-energy excitation produces spin-up electrons localized at one edge and spin-down holes at the opposite edge, and the excitation energy of spin carries can be tuned by the electric field to reach a new state of spin gapless semiconductor. Also, the spin semiconducting states are shown to be robust against at least 10% edge disorder. These features demonstrate a good tunability of spin carriers for spintronics applications.