Depressive syndromes represent a common and often characteristic feature in a number of neurological disorders. One prominent example is the development of post-stroke depression, which can be observed in more than one-third of stroke survivors in the aftermath of an ischemic stroke. Thus, post-stroke depression represents one of the most prevalent, disabling, and potentially devastating psychiatric post-stroke complications. On the other hand, depressive syndromes may also be considered as a risk factor for certain neurological disorders, as recently revealed by a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, which demonstrated an increased risk for ischemic events in depressed patients. Moreover, depressive syndromes represent common comorbidities in a number of other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy, in which depression has a strong impact on both quality of life and outcome of the primary neurological disorder.