Toxicity of noradrenaline, a novel anti-biofouling component, to two non-target zooplankton species, Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia

C L Overturf; A M Wormington; K N Blythe; N V Gohad; A S Mount; A P Roberts

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.01.006

Toxicity of noradrenaline, a novel anti-biofouling component, to two non-target zooplankton species, Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 May:171:49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Mar 25.

Authors

C L Overturf¹, A M Wormington¹, K N Blythe¹, N V Gohad², A S Mount², A P Roberts³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
² Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
³ Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA. Electronic address: aaron.roberts@unt.edu.

PMID: 25819741
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.01.006

Abstract

Noradrenaline (NA) is the active component of novel antifouling agents and acts by preventing attachment of fouling organisms. The goal of this study was to examine the toxicity of NA to the non-target zooplankton D. magna and C. dubia. Neonates were exposed to one of five concentrations of NA and effects on survival, reproduction and molting were determined. Calculated LC50 values were determined to be 46 and 38 μM in C. dubia and D. magna, respectively. A 10-day C. dubia study found that reproduction metrics were significantly impacted at non-lethal concentrations. In D. magna, concentrations greater than 40 μM significantly impacted molting. A toxicity test was conducted with D. magna using oxidized NA, which yielded similar results. These data indicate that both NA and oxidized NA are toxic to non-target zooplankton. Results obtained from this study can be used to guide future ecological risk assessments of catecholamine-based antifouling agents.

Keywords: Biofouling; Daphnia; Non-target species; Noradrenaline; Toxicology; Zooplankton.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Animals
Cladocera / drug effects*
Cladocera / growth & development
Cladocera / physiology
Daphnia / drug effects
Daphnia / growth & development
Daphnia / physiology
Drug Resistance
Female
Lethal Dose 50
Male
Molting / drug effects*
Norepinephrine / chemistry
Norepinephrine / toxicity*
Osmolar Concentration
Oxidation-Reduction
Pesticides / chemistry
Pesticides / toxicity*
Reproduction, Asexual / drug effects*
Species Specificity
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Toxicity Tests, Chronic
Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*
Zooplankton / drug effects*
Zooplankton / growth & development
Zooplankton / physiology

Substances

Pesticides
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Norepinephrine