Management of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations: Clinical Presentation, Classification, Patient Selection, Imaging and Treatment

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2015 Oct;38(5):1082-104. doi: 10.1007/s00270-015-1085-4. Epub 2015 Apr 22.

Abstract

This review article aims to give an overview of the current state of imaging, patient selection, agents and techniques used in the management of low-flow vascular malformations. The review includes the current classifications for low-flow vascular malformations including the 2014 updates. Clinical presentation and assessment is covered with a detailed section on the common sclerosant agents used to treat low-flow vascular malformations, including dosing and common complications. Imaging is described with a guide to a simple stratification of the use of imaging for diagnosis and interventional techniques.

Keywords: Embolization; Paediatric interventions; Peripheral vascular; Vascular malformations; Vein; Venous intervention.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Patient Selection*
  • Sclerosing Solutions / administration & dosage
  • Sclerotherapy*
  • Ultrasonography*
  • Vascular Malformations / diagnostic imaging
  • Vascular Malformations / pathology
  • Vascular Malformations / therapy*

Substances

  • Sclerosing Solutions