A Cysteine Zipper Stabilizes a Pre-Fusion F Glycoprotein Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 22;10(6):e0128779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128779. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Recombinant subunit vaccines should contain minimal non-pathogen motifs to reduce potential off-target reactivity. We recently developed a vaccine antigen against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which comprised the fusion (F) glycoprotein stabilized in its pre-fusion trimeric conformation by "DS-Cav1" mutations and by an appended C-terminal trimerization motif or "foldon" from T4-bacteriophage fibritin. Here we investigate the creation of a cysteine zipper to allow for the removal of the phage foldon, while maintaining the immunogenicity of the parent DS-Cav1+foldon antigen. Constructs without foldon yielded RSV F monomers, and enzymatic removal of the phage foldon from pre-fusion F trimers resulted in their dissociation into monomers. Because the native C terminus of the pre-fusion RSV F ectodomain encompasses a viral trimeric coiled-coil, we explored whether introduction of cysteine residues capable of forming inter-protomer disulfides might allow for stable trimers. Structural modeling indicated the introduced cysteines to form disulfide "rings", with each ring comprising a different set of inward facing residues of the coiled-coil. Three sets of rings could be placed within the native RSV F coiled-coil, and additional rings could be added by duplicating portions of the coiled-coil. High levels of neutralizing activity in mice, equivalent to that of the parent DS-Cav1+foldon antigen, were elicited by a 4-ring stabilized RSV F trimer with no foldon. Structure-based alteration of a viral coiled-coil to create a cysteine zipper thus allows a phage trimerization motif to be removed from a candidate vaccine antigen.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antigens, Viral / chemistry
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology*
  • Bacteriophage T4 / immunology
  • Caveolin 1 / chemistry
  • Caveolin 1 / genetics
  • Caveolin 1 / immunology
  • Cell Line
  • Cysteine / chemistry*
  • Immunization
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / immunology*
  • Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / genetics
  • Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / immunology*
  • Vaccines, Subunit / immunology
  • Viral Fusion Proteins / immunology*
  • Viral Proteins / immunology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Cav1 protein, mouse
  • Caveolin 1
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Subunit
  • Viral Fusion Proteins
  • Viral Proteins
  • fibritin protein, Enterobacteria phage T4
  • Cysteine