As a final function of various epigenetic mechanisms, chromatin regulation is a transcription control process that especially demonstrates active interaction with genetic elements. Thus, chromatin structure has become a principal focus in recent genomics researches that strive to characterize regulatory functions of DNA variants related to diseases or other traits. Although researchers have been focusing on DNA methylation when studying monozygotic (MZ) twins, a great model in epigenetics research, interactions between genetics and epigenetics in chromatin level are expected to be an imperative research trend in the future. In this review, we discuss how the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome of MZ twins can be studied in an integrative manner from this perspective.
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