Background: Early after intubation, a layer of biofilm covers the inner lumen of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Cleaning the ETT might prevent airways colonization by pathogens, reduce resistance to airflow, and decrease sudden ETT obstruction. We investigated the effectiveness of a cleaning closed suction system in maintaining the endotracheal tube free from secretions.
Methods: We conducted a single center, randomized controlled trial, in the general intensive care unit of a tertiary-level university hospital. We enrolled 40 adult critically ill patients expected to remain intubated for more than 48 h, within 24 h from intubation. Patients were randomized to receive three ETT cleaning maneuvers/day using a novel device (Airway Medix Closed Suction System™, cleaning group) or to standard care (no ETT cleaning, standard closed suction, control group). After extubation, the amount of secretions in the ETTs was measured by micro-computed tomography.
Results: The volume of secretions in the ETTs from the cleaning group was lower than controls (0.081 [0.021-0.306] vs. 0.568 [0.162-0.756] mL, p = 0.001), corresponding to a cross-sectional area reduction six times lower (1[0-3] vs. 6 [2-10] %, p = 0.001). In a subset of 16 patients, the resistance to airflow tended to be lower after 1 day of treatment (p = 0.063) and was lower after 2 days (0.024), while no difference was present at enrollment (p = 0.922). ETT colonization did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusions: The use of a novel cleaning closed suction system proved to be effective in reducing secretions present in the ETT after extubation, possibly reducing resistance to airflow during intubation.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01912105.
Keywords: Biofilm; Cleaning closed suction system; Cross-sectional area; Endotracheal tube; Resistance to airflow; Secretion volume.