Effect of Metalation on Porphyrin-Based Bifunctional Agents in Tumor Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy

Bioconjug Chem. 2016 Mar 16;27(3):667-80. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00656. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Abstract

Herein we report the syntheses and comparative photophysical, electrochemical, in vitro, and in vivo biological efficacy of 3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-cyanine dye (HPPH-CD) and the corresponding indium (In), gallium (Ga), and palladium (Pd) conjugates. The insertion of a heavy metal in the HPPH moiety makes a significant difference in FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) and electrochemical properties, which correlates with singlet oxygen production [a key cytotoxic agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT)] and long-term in vivo PDT efficacy. Among the metalated analogs, the In(III) HPPH-CD showed the best cancer imaging and PDT efficacy. Interestingly, in contrast to free base HPPH-CD, which requires a significantly higher therapeutic dose (2.5 μmol/kg) than imaging dose (0.3 μmol/kg), the corresponding In(III) HPPH-CD showed excellent imaging and therapeutic potential at a remarkably low dose (0.3 μmol/kg) in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors. A comparative study of metalated and corresponding nonmetalated conjugates further confirmed that STAT-3 dimerization can be used as a biomarker for determining the level of photoreaction and tumor response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • Metals / chemistry*
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms, Experimental / pathology*
  • Photochemotherapy*
  • Porphyrins / chemistry*
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Substances

  • Metals
  • Porphyrins