Hepatic artery complications after liver transplantation are uncommon, but represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition, these complications tax an already limited supply of donor organs because of the frequent need for retransplantation in this group of patients. In this study, we examined the incidence of hepatic arterial anomalies in donors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplants, focusing on the techniques that are available for hepatic arterial reconstruction and on the occurrence of hepatic arterial complications. A total of 77 liver transplants were carried out in 68 patients. Standard recipient anatomy was present in 60 of 68 patients (88%). Anomalous vessels were identified in eight patients (12%), including six cases of replaced right hepatic artery (9%) and two cases of replaced left hepatic artery (3%). Donor liver arterial anatomy was standard in 62 cases (80%). Anomalous arterial supply was identified in 15 of 77 donor livers (20%), including replaced left hepatic artery in nine (12%) and replaced right hepatic artery in six (8%). A variety of methods were used to manage the anomalous vessels. There was one hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, three cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (4%), and one patient developed a dissection of the native celiac axis. In primary transplants, utilization of the recipient's proper hepatic artery was associated with a significantly higher risk of hepatic artery thrombosis (P less than 0.04) when compared with the common hepatic artery or the branch patch technique. Use of a Carrel patch on the donor artery was associated with a significantly reduced incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis (P less than 0.0003). For retransplantation, it is recommended that a more proximal recipient anastomotic site be chosen. An innovative method is described that provides increased length of the donor arterial supply without the use of an arterial graft.