Intradermal Delivery of Antigens Enhances Specific IgG and Diminishes IgE Production: Potential Use for Vaccination and Allergy Immunotherapy

PLoS One. 2016 Dec 14;11(12):e0167952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167952. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Skin is protected by a tough but flexible multilayered barrier and is a front line for immune responses against invading particles. For many years now, skin has been a tissue where certain vaccines are injected for the prevention of infectious disease, however, the detailed mechanisms of the skin immune response are not yet well understood. Using thin and small injection needles, we carefully injected OVA into a restricted region of mouse skin, i.e., intradermal (ID), and examined the antibody response in comparison with subcutaneous (SC) injection or epicutaneous patch administration of OVA. Epicutaneous patches induced a high IgE response against OVA, but IgG production was low. High IgG production was induced by both ID and SC injection, moreover, ID injection induced higher IgG production without any adjutants. Furthermore, OVA-specific IgE production was diminished by ID injection. We found that ID injection could efficiently stimulate skin resident DCs, drive Th1-biased conditions and diminish IgE production. The ID injection response was regulated by Langerin+ dermal DCs, because OVA was taken up mainly by these cells and, after transiently deleting them, the IgE response was no longer diminished and IgG1 production was enhanced. We also tested whether ID injection might be an effective allergy treatment by attempting to inhibit ongoing IgE production in mice with experimentally induced high serum IgE levels. Multiple ID injections of OVA were shown to prevent elevation of serum OVA-specific IgE after repeated allergen challenge. In contrast, SC OVA injection could only transiently inhibit the OVA-specific IgE production. These findings indicated that ID injection results in higher induction of antigen-specific IgG, and thus may be useful for vaccine delivery with little or no adjuvant components. Moreover, the observed diminishment of IgE and induction of Th1-biased immune responses suggest that ID may be a useful injection route for allergy immunotherapy.

MeSH terms

  • Allergens / administration & dosage*
  • Animals
  • Dendritic Cells / cytology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology*
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology*
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology*
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunotherapy / methods*
  • Injections, Intradermal
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Ovalbumin / administration & dosage
  • Skin / immunology
  • Th1 Cells / cytology
  • Ultrasonography
  • Vaccines / administration & dosage

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Vaccines
  • Immunoglobulin E
  • Ovalbumin

Grants and funding

One of the authors (TU) is employee of Terumo Corporation. About the Funding Statement, Terumo Corporation provided support in the form of salary for author [TU] and research materials, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of the author are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.