Retrospective analysis of vocal cord-to-suprasternal notch distance: Implications for preventing endotracheal tube cuff-induced vocal cord injury

Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb;96(7):e6155. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006155.

Abstract

Endotracheal tube (ETT) positioning using the cuff ballottement test, which confirms that the inflated cuff is positioned at the suprasternal notch with squeezing or inflating a pilot balloon, has been reported to be a simple and reliable method of preventing endobronchial intubation. However, in patients with a short vocal cord-to-suprasternal notch, ETT placement using the cuff ballottement test can cause vocal cord injury. In the present study, we assessed the distance from a point 15 mm below the vocal cord to the suprasternal notch (VSD-15), the safe position for ETT cuff placement above the suprasternal notch, and investigated variables for predicting VSD-15.We retrospectively examined neck computed tomography in 427 adult patients and measured VSD-15 and the distance from the thyroid notch to the suprasternal notch (TSD). Patient height, weight, sex, and age were also recorded.In total, 47 patients (11.0%) showed a VSD-15 shorter than 45 mm. VSD-15 significantly correlated with TSD (r = 0.778, P < 0.001) and height (r = 0.312, P < 0.001), and inversely correlated with age (r = -0.321, P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression models, a formula was obtained for VSD-15 (VSD-15 [mm] = -6.220 + 0.744 × TSD [mm] + 0.092 × height [cm] - 0.065 × age [years], R = 0.621).The cuff ballottement test should be used cautiously in patients with a predicted short VSD-15. VSD-15 can be predicted from TSD, height, and age.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Body Weights and Measures
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intubation, Intratracheal / methods*
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neck / anatomy & histology*
  • Neck / diagnostic imaging
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sex Factors
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Vocal Cords / anatomy & histology*
  • Vocal Cords / diagnostic imaging
  • Vocal Cords / injuries