First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam

PLoS One. 2017 Jun 9;12(6):e0177361. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177361. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, topotype Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA), lineage Ind-2001d has spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. In the current report, we describe the first detection of this lineage in Vietnam in May, 2015 in Đắk Nông province. Three subsequent outbreaks caused by genetically related viruses occurred between May-October, 2015 after which the virus was not detected in clinical outbreaks for at least 15 subsequent months. The observed outbreaks affected (in chronological order): cattle in Đắk Nông province, pigs in Đắk Lắk province and Đắk Nông province, and cattle in Ninh Thuận province. The clinical syndromes associated with these outbreaks were consistent with typical FMD in the affected species. Overall attack rate on affected premises was 0.85 in pigs and 0.93 in cattle over the course of the outbreak. Amongst 378 pigs at risk on affected premises, 85 pigs died during the outbreaks; there were no deaths among cattle. The manner in which FMDV/O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d was introduced into Vietnam remains undetermined; however, movement of live cattle is the suspected route. This incursion has substantial implications for epidemiology and control of FMD in Southeast Asia.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Cattle
  • Disease Outbreaks*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease / diagnosis
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease / epidemiology*
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease / virology*
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / classification*
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / genetics
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / immunology
  • Molecular Typing
  • Phenotype
  • Phylogeny
  • Serogroup
  • Swine
  • Vietnam / epidemiology

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral

Grants and funding

This research was funded in part by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 1940-32000-061-00D and through an interagency agreement with the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award Number HSHQDC-12-X-0060. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Department of State, Biosecurity Engagement Program through the USDA, ARS Office of International Research Programs and the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program of the U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Barbara Brito, Carolina Stenfeldt, Ian Fish, and Miranda Bertram are the recipients of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the USDOE and USDA. None of the funders had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.