There are many ways to spin a photon: Half-quantization of a total optical angular momentum

Sci Adv. 2016 Apr 29;2(4):e1501748. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1501748. eCollection 2016 Apr.

Abstract

The angular momentum of light plays an important role in many areas, from optical trapping to quantum information. In the usual three-dimensional setting, the angular momentum quantum numbers of the photon are integers, in units of the Planck constant ħ. We show that, in reduced dimensions, photons can have a half-integer total angular momentum. We identify a new form of total angular momentum, carried by beams of light, comprising an unequal mixture of spin and orbital contributions. We demonstrate the half-integer quantization of this total angular momentum using noise measurements. We conclude that for light, as is known for electrons, reduced dimensionality allows new forms of quantization.

Keywords: Physics; optical angular momentum; quantum optics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Electrons
  • Light
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Optical Tweezers*
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Photons*
  • Quantum Theory
  • Scattering, Radiation