1 Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UNITED KINGDOM y.pitsiladis@brighton.ac.uk Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, ITALY, International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UNITED KINGDOM, Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, ITALY International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND, Orthopaedic Center Theresie Munich, GERMANY, International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Dept of Orthopedics, Nemours/A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, ITALY, International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND Department of Movement Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, ITALY, International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND.