Purpose: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a civic engagement curriculum (encouraging Healthy Eating and Activity in Rural Towns [HEART] Club) designed to engage rural residents in improving their local food or physical activity environment.
Design: Pre-post surveys and focus groups.
Setting: Three rural Northeastern towns in the United States.
Participants: Twenty-six rural residents (7-12 per town) recruited by local extension educators.
Measures: Online surveys were used to assess outcomes related to feasibility (satisfaction) and effectiveness (knowledge, awareness, motivation, self-efficacy, and group efficacy for community change). Feasibility was also assessed through attendance logs, benchmark achievement records, and post-implementation focus groups.
Analysis: Participant characteristics and feasibility measures were summarized using descriptive statistics. Pre-post changes in effectiveness outcomes were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Focus group data were thematically examined to identify barriers to and facilitators of HEART Club progress.
Results: Meeting attendance and program satisfaction were high (88% and 91%). Participants reported improvements in awareness; however, no other significant changes were observed. All HEART Clubs accomplished 3 or more project benchmarks after 6 months of implementation. Despite competing priorities and limited finances, groups effectively leveraged existing resources to achieve their goals. Important facilitators of success included stakeholder support, effective leadership, and positive group dynamics.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that resident-driven initiatives that build upon local resources and establish feasible goals can successfully foster environmental change in rural communities.
Keywords: built environment; civic engagement; culture change; healthy eating; physical activity; qualitative research; rural areas.