Pediatric Considerations for Postexposure Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylaxis

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018 Mar;32(1):91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.006.

Abstract

Exposures that carry risk of transmission of blood-borne disease are rare in pediatrics, but expose patients and families to great anxiety. Specialists in pediatric infectious diseases are often asked about initial antimicrobial prophylaxis in these cases. Guidelines for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus have evolved as new formulations and medications become available and greater experience obtained in assessing relative risks of different exposures and relative costs and benefits for different interventions. This article discusses the evidence behind recent updates to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus, focusing on application in the pediatric population.

Keywords: Antivirals; Blood-borne infections; Human immunodeficiency virus; Needlestick; Postexposure prophylaxis.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-HIV Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use
  • Blood-Borne Pathogens / drug effects
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
  • Child
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Compounding
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology
  • HIV Infections / prevention & control*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • Humans
  • Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / prevention & control
  • Needlestick Injuries
  • Occupational Exposure / prevention & control
  • Post-Exposure Prophylaxis / methods*
  • Post-Exposure Prophylaxis / statistics & numerical data
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Treatment Adherence and Compliance
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents