Age at menopause, extent of coronary artery disease and outcome among postmenopausal women with acute coronary syndromes

Abstract

Background: Early menopause has been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but prospective studies investigating outcomes of postmenopausal women with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in relation to menopausal age are lacking.

Methods: We analyzed the 1-year outcome of 373 women with acute myocardial infarction enrolled in the Ladies ACS study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, with corelab analysis. Menopause questionnaires were administered during admission. Menopausal age below the median of the study population (50 years) was defined as "early menopause". The composite 1-year outcome included all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke.

Results: The mean age at index ACS was 73 years (IQR 65-83) for women with early menopause, and 74 (IQR 65-80) for those with late menopause. Patients with early menopause had more prevalent chronic kidney disease (12.8% vs 5.9%, p = 0.03), whereas there were no differences in all other clinical characteristics, extent of coronary disease at angiography (as assessed by Gensini and SYNTAX scores), as well as interventional treatments. Within 1 year, women with late menopause had significantly better outcome as compared with those with early menopause (6.5% vs 15.3%, p = 0.007). At logistic regression analysis, late menopause was independently associated with better outcome (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.12-0.67; p = 0.004). With each year's delay in the menopause the adjusted risk decreased by 12% (OR 0.88, 0.77-0.99, p = 0.040).

Conclusion: Despite comparable clinical and angiographic characteristics, women with late menopausal age experience better outcomes after an ACS as compared with those with early menopause.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01997307.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndromes; Coronary angiography; Menopause; Outcome; Sex.