Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers. Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma, including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier. Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs. They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery. And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time. However, few of them step into the clinical trials. In this review, we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy, including the inorganic materials, lipids and polymers. These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously. Herein, we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors, to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application.
Keywords: ALA, α-lipoic acid; BAG3, Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3; BBB, blood-brain barrier; BTB, blood-brain tumor barrier; Bioactive material; Blood-brain barrier; Blood-brain tumor barrier; CNS, central nervous system; CPT, camptothecin; Chemotherapy; DACHPt, dichloro-(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (II); DCs, dendritic cells; DHA, dehydroascorbic acid; DOX, doxorubicin; DPPC, 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine; FA, folate; GCV, ganciclovir; GLUT1, glucose transporter isoform 1; Glioblastoma; IL, interleukin; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; PTX, paclitaxel; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SN38, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin; TAT, transactivator of transcription; TEG, tetra(ethylene glycol); TMZ, temozolomide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TfR, transferrin receptor; cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp.