Background: Approximately 40-50% of patients with cryptogenic stroke have a patent foramen ovale (PFO). A concomitant atrial septal aneurysm aggravates the risk of recurrent stroke.
Objective: The most important changes regarding the evidence for interventional closure of a PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke are described. This includes the prerequisites for making a diagnosis and the indications for interventional treatment. The article also provides an overview about platelet aggregation inhibitor treatment with and without oral anticoagulation.
Current data: The balance between benefits and risks of interventional versus pharmaceutical treatment in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO has so far not been sufficiently proven. In 2017 two prospective randomized trials (CLOSE and REDUCE) and the long-term follow-up results of the RESPECT study were published, followed by the results of the DEFENSE-PFO study in 2018. A better assessment of the weighing up of the treatment options can now be made. All four studies showed that the interventional treatment of PFO is superior to pharmaceutical treatment alone for patients with cryptogenic stroke under 60 years of age.
Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in the incidence of recurrent stroke in patients with interventional PFO closure compared with pharmaceutical treatment. The complication rate of PFO closure is very low and younger patients (<60 years) in particular benefit from PFO closure.
Keywords: Aneurysm, atrial septal; Anticoagulants, oral; Patent foramen ovale, closure; Platelet aggregation inhibitors; Stroke, cryptogenic.