Policy makers and public health practitioners rarely consider public libraries to be part of the health system, even though they possess several characteristics that suggest unrealized potential to advance population health. This scoping review uses an adapted social determinants framework to categorize current health-related work conducted by public libraries in the United States and to discuss libraries' potential as 'meso-level' community resources to improve population health. Our discussion of libraries contributes to scholarship on place-based health disparities, by emphasizing the potential impact of institutions that are modifiable through social policy-e.g., parks, community centers, schools-and which have a conceptually clear or empirically documented relationship to health.
Keywords: Meso-level; Place-based health disparities; Population health; Public libraries.