Context: There is currently no consensus regarding optimal dose or dose-range of buprenorphine (BUP) for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD).Objective: To elucidate the relationship between BUP dose and opioid receptor blockade, retention in treatment and illicit opioid drug use.Methods: Systematic review of the scientific literature through searches in the databases MEDLINE and PubMed.Results: The review of the opioid receptor blockade studies did not find evidence that a daily sublingual (SL) BUP tablet dose higher than 16 mg confers added blockade benefit, while doses under 8 mg are insufficient to produce opioid receptor blockade. The data are inconclusive regarding the relative effectiveness of an 8 mg SL BUP tablet dose versus a 16 mg SL BUP tablet dose in terms of opioid receptor blockade. The review did not establish any clear relationship between BUP dose and treatment retention or illicit opioid use.Conclusions: The BUP dose in treatment of OUD should be individualized based on a continuous clinical benefit-risk assessment. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between dose and efficacy over time in patients with this complex disorder.
Keywords: Opioid dependence; buprenorphine; dose; illicit opioid use; opioid receptor blockade; opioid use disorder; treatment retention.