Background: Studies reporting risk factors associated with unsuccessful weaning for coronary artery bypass grafting patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are scarce. This study was designed to identify factors associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Methods: Data from 166 coronary artery bypass grafting patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital between February 2004 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using bootstrapping methodology to identify factors independently associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Results: A total of 106 patients (64%) could be weaned from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 74 patients (45%) were alive at hospital discharge. The 30-day and 60-day survival rates after ECMO weaning were 72% and 70%, respectively. Pre-existing hypertension (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-5.56; p = 0.02), serum creatinine (+1 μmol/L; odds ratio, 1.008; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.013; p = 0.001), and serum lactate (+1 mmol/L; odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.26; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Higher platelet count was protective (+1 × 109/L; odds ratio, 0.992; 95% confidence interval, 0.986-0.998; p = 0.011). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.88) for the logistic regression model was better than those for the survival after VA-ECMO score (p = 0.002), EuroSCORE (p < 0.001), and the prEdictioN of Cardiogenic shock OUtcome foR Acute myocardial infarction patients salvaGed by VA-ECMO scores (p = 0.02) in this population. The pRedicting mortality in patients undergoing venoarterial Extracorporeal MEMBrane oxygenation after coronary artEry bypass gRafting (0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.83; p = 0.29) and sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.85; p = 0.46) exhibited good performances similar to the logistic regression model.
Conclusion: Pre-existing hypertension, serum creatinine, serum lactate, and low platelet count were independent predictors for unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Keywords: cardiogenic shock; coronary artery bypass grafting; unsuccessful weaning; venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.