Efficacy of n-3 fatty acids supplementation on the prevention of pregnancy induced-hypertension or preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

The efficacy of n-3 fatty acids supplementation on the prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia remains unclear. The aim of study was to examine the effect of supplementation with EPA, and/or DHA, and/or ALA during pregnancy on the pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia. A systematic search was performed on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Cochrane Library, and Google scholar, which covered the period between 1991 and 2018. The clinical trials with any control groups (i.e. placebo or other supplementation) were selected. The whole process of meta-analysis and data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2.0, Biostat). The searched keywords were: "Fatty Acids, Omega-3", "n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid" "Eicosapentaenoic Acid", "Docosahexaenoic Acids", "n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid", "n-3 PUFAs", "alpha-Linolenic Acid", "fish oil", "Nuts", "nutrient", or their synonyms "pregnancy induced hypertension" and preeclampsia. In addition, some key journals, according to Scopus report and the references of the original and review articles, were manually searched for possible related studies. The meta-analysis of the 14 comparisons demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids supplementation played a protective role against the risk of preeclampsia (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; p = 0.024; I2 = 19.0%). The analysis of the 10 comparisons revealed that n-3 fatty acid supplements for pregnant women did not mitigate the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90-1.07; p = 0.652; I2 = 0%). The n-3 fatty acid supplements are an effective strategy to prevent the incidence of preeclampsia in women with low-risk pregnancies.

Keywords: Obstetrics; Omega-3; Pregnancy; Pregnancy-induced hypertension; n-3 fatty acids.