COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Targeting Inflammation on VV-ECMO Support

ASAIO J. 2020 Jun;66(6):603-606. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001177.

Abstract

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the respiratory illness COVID-19 has led to unprecedented efforts at containment due to its rapid community spread, associated mortality, and lack of immunization and treatment. We herein detail a case of a young patient who suffered life-threatening disease and multiorgan failure. His clinical course involved rapid and profound respiratory decompensation such that he required support with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). He also demonstrated hyperinflammation (C-reactive protein peak 444.6 mg/L) with severe cytokine elevation (Interleukin-6 peak > 3000 pg/ml). Through treatment targeting hyperinflammation, he recovered from critical COVID-19 respiratory failure and required only 160 hours of VV-ECMO support. He was extubated 4 days after decannulation, had progressive renal recovery, and was discharged to home on hospital day 24. Of note, repeat SARS-CoV-2 test was negative 21 days after his first positive test. We present one of the first successful cases of VV-ECMO support to recovery of COVID-19 respiratory failure in North America.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Betacoronavirus*
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Male
  • Pandemics
  • Patient Discharge
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / etiology
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Cytokines