Computed tomography-derived radiomic signature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (peri)tumoral tissue for the prediction of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis after concurrent chemo-radiotherapy

PLoS One. 2020 May 22;15(5):e0232639. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232639. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: In this study, we investigate the role of radiomics for prediction of overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastases (DM) in stage III and IV HNSCC patients treated by chemoradiotherapy. We hypothesize that radiomic analysis of (peri-)tumoral tissue may detect invasion of surrounding tissues indicating a higher chance of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis.

Methods: Two comprehensive data sources were used: the Dutch Cancer Society Database (Alp 7072, DESIGN) and "Big Data To Decide" (BD2Decide). The gross tumor volumes (GTV) were delineated on contrast-enhanced CT. Radiomic features were extracted using the RadiomiX Discovery Toolbox (OncoRadiomics, Liege, Belgium). Clinical patient features such as age, gender, performance status etc. were collected. Two machine learning methods were chosen for their ability to handle censored data: Cox proportional hazards regression and random survival forest (RSF). Multivariable clinical and radiomic Cox/ RSF models were generated based on significance in univariable cox regression/ RSF analyses on the held out data in the training dataset. Features were selected according to a decreasing hazard ratio for Cox and relative importance for RSF.

Results: A total of 444 patients with radiotherapy planning CT-scans were included in this study: 301 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in the training cohort (DESIGN) and 143 patients in the validation cohort (BD2DECIDE). We found that the highest performing model was a clinical model that was able to predict distant metastasis in oropharyngeal cancer cases with an external validation C-index of 0.74 and 0.65 with the RSF and Cox models respectively. Peritumoral radiomics based prediction models performed poorly in the external validation, with C-index values ranging from 0.32 to 0.61 utilizing both feature selection and model generation methods.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that radiomic features from the peritumoral regions are not useful for the prediction of time to OS, LR and DM.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Chemoradiotherapy
  • Cohort Studies
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / mortality
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnostic imaging*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / diagnostic imaging*
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / mortality
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / therapy*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

Grants and funding

Funded: DESIGN: Alpe d’Huzes/ KWF Program Grant A6C 7072. BD2DECIDE: European Union Horizon 2020 research/innovation program (689715). Dr. R Leijenaar received support in the form of a salary from OncoRadiomics. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.