Abstract
This article provides a review of studies evaluating the role of host (and viral) genetics (including variation in HLA genes) in the immune response to coronaviruses, as well as the clinical outcome of coronavirus-mediated disease. The initial sections focus on seasonal coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. We then examine the state of the knowledge regarding genetic polymorphisms and SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. The article concludes by discussing research areas with current knowledge gaps and proposes several avenues for future scientific exploration in order to develop new insights into the immunology of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords:
COVID-19; GWAS; HLA; SARS; SARS-CoV-2; alleles; coronavirus; genes; genetic variation; genome-wide association study; immunogenetics; polymorphisms; severe acute respiratory syndrome; single nucleotide; systems biology; vaccine.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Betacoronavirus / immunology*
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
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Coronavirus Infections / genetics
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Coronavirus Infections / immunology*
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Coronavirus Infections / virology
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Disease Resistance / genetics*
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / genetics*
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology
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Humans
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / immunology
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / pathogenicity
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
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Pneumonia, Viral / genetics
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Pneumonia, Viral / immunology*
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology
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SARS-CoV-2
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / genetics
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / virology
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / immunology
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / pathogenicity