Sepsis-related mortality and morbidity are major health care problems worldwide. More effort is required to identify factors associated with adverse outcome. Evaluate the prognostic capacity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), kidney injury molecule (KIM), and lactate and TNF-α-308 G > A gene polymorphism for prediction of 28 days-intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. TNF-α-308 G > A single nucleotide polymorphisms was detected by real-time-PCR on 112 had septic shock and 88 were septic. Serum TNF-α and urinary KIM were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This study included 200 critically ill patients, 125 (62.5%) of them died within 28 days in ICU (nonsurvivors). Frequencies of TNF-308 G > A was (70.7) GG, (28) GA and (1.3) AA in survivors versus (85.6) GG, (12) GA and (2.4) AA for nonsurvivors, revealed significant association with ICU mortality but not sepsis severity (p = 0.15) or sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In contrast, urinary KIM-1 revealed significant association with sepsis severity (p = 0.036) and AKI (p = 0.0001), but not 28-days ICU mortality. The relative risk of death in patients with GG genotype was 2.5 mainly in ICU younger male patients (odds ratios 24 and 4.9, p = 0.001). The genotype GG and GA were significantly associated with [increased urinary KIM-1 (0.29 ± 0.1) (p = 0.0001), terminal creatinine (1.67 ± 0.8) (p = 0.0001)] and [increased terminal urea (109 ± 0.001) (p = 0.001) and basal serum TNF (60 ± 0.001) (p = 0.0001)], respectively. In linear regression analysis, AKI 0.0001 (0.4-0.67), basal serum TNF 0.04 (0.0001-0.04), and TNF-308 GG 0.007 (0.05-0.33) were associated with 28 days ICU mortality [p value (95% confidence interval)]. The same results were observed for initial urea 0.024 (0.0001-0.003) and lack of diuretic usage 0.0001 (0.35-0.7) mainly in septic patients. Major frequency of TNF-308 G > A polymorphism (mainly in young age male patients), AKI and serum TNF were associated with increased risk for 28 days-ICU mortality. Furthermore, sepsis severity was influenced by TNF and urinary KIM-1, which reflects in AKI.
Keywords: ICU mortality; TNF-308 G > A; biomolecules; sepsis; septic shock.