[Ungual lesions in lupus erythematosus: A retrospective study of 14 patients]

Abstract

Introduction: There are few studies focusing on ungual lesions in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). The aim of this study is to describe our experience with ungual lesions in LE patients.

Materials and methods: A multicentric retrospective descriptive study was performed at the dermatology departments of the university hospitals in Strasbourg and at the Tenon hospital in Paris and involved reviewing the medical records and photographs of patients with ungual lesions.

Results: Fourteen patients were included: 12 (86 %) were women with a median age of 38 years (28-78 years). All patients had cutaneous LE presenting as follows: 3 isolated forms (21 %), and associated with systemic LE (LES) for remaining 11 patients (79 %). The most frequent ungual or peri-ungual lesions were longitudinal ridging (12 patients, 86 %), onycholysis and cuticular alterations (8 patients each, 57 %), pterygium (7 patients, 50 %), melanonychia, onychoschizia and subungual hyperkeratosis (5 patients with each, 36 %). Among patients with pterygium and onychoschizia, respectively 6 (86 %) and 5 (100 %) presented the discoid LE subtype, while respectively 6 (86 %) and 4 (80 %) had multisystemic involvement.

Discussion: Ungual lesions do not appear specific and do not in themselves allow diagnosis of LE. They can in fact occur in other diseases such as connective tissue disorders. However, their diagnosis is important because certain of them, such as pterygium, can lead to severe ungual dystrophia, with functional consequences. In our study, pterygium and onychoschizia appeared to be associated with cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus and multisystemic involvement. The coexistence of peri-ungual lesions related to cutaneous lupus erythematosus and/or multisystemic involvement does not out differentiation of lupus ungual lesions and post-inflammatory lesions.

Keywords: Accentuation du relief longitudinal; Longitudinal ridging; Lupus erythematosus; Lupus érythémateux; Nail; Ongle; Onychoschizia; Onychoschizie; Pterygium; Ptérygion.