Objectives: The Virginia Department of Health (VDH) identified an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Javiana infections in Virginia after a chili and chowder cook-off with 11 competitors and about 2500 attendees on September 30, 2017. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of the outbreak and identify the most likely source of exposure.
Methods: To identify people with suspected Salmonella infection, VDH used press releases and social media posts to recruit event attendees to take an online survey about foods eaten at the cook-off and any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms experienced. VDH defined a case as reported GI illness that occurred within 1 week after eating food from the cook-off. Confirmed cases required a clinical specimen culture positive for Salmonella. Probable cases reported diarrhea or related clinical symptoms. "Not ill" people did not report GI illness. Investigators calculated unadjusted relative risks of illness and performed stratified analysis to address potential confounding. Available food samples were tested for Salmonella. Environmental health specialists interviewed food handlers and inspected restaurants where 3 competitors had prepared food.
Results: Of 438 survey responses, 171 (39%) met the case definition. Of all chilies and chowders consumed, Chowder A was associated with the highest relative risk of illness (8.9; 95% CI, 5.7-13.7). A Chowder A sample tested positive for Salmonella serotype Javiana. The environmental investigation did not identify an original contamination source but did find deficiencies in maintaining safe cooking temperatures.
Conclusions: Epidemiologic and laboratory findings indicated that Chowder A was the most likely cause of outbreak. Recommendations to prevent future outbreaks include preparation of all food on-site to ensure safe temperatures during food preparation and service.
Keywords: foodborne outbreak; salmonellosis; stratified analysis.