1 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
2 Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
5 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.
6 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.