D-dimer for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The D-dimer test is easily available to detect periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the D-dimer test in PJI diagnosis and identify possible independent factors affecting the diagnostic value of this test.

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases identified literature until February 2020 that utilized the D-dimer test for PJI diagnosis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the D-dimer test. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess potential heterogeneity.

Results: The databases identified 243 records, and eight studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the D-dimer test for PJI diagnosis were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.84) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.85-0.99), respectively. The AUCs and DORs of the D-dimer test were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79-0.86) and 10 (95% CI, 4-24), respectively. The PLR and NLR of the D-dimer test for PJI detection were 3.0 (95% CI, 1.9-4.8) and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.20-0.47), respectively. The results of the meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that studies that excluded patients with hypercoagulation disorder had higher sensitivity (0.85 vs 0.86) and specificity (0.83 vs 0.62). The sensitivity of the D-dimer test also improved in studies that excluded patients with inflammatory arthritis (0.81 vs 0.75).

Conclusion: The D-dimer test is a practical method for PJI diagnosis, especially in patients without history of hypercoagulation disorder and inflammatory arthritis.