Factors affecting the mortality of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery and the safety of medical staff: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kun Wang; Changshuai Wu; Jian Xu; Baohui Zhang; Xiaowang Zhang; Zhenglian Gao; Zhengyuan Xia

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100612

Factors affecting the mortality of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery and the safety of medical staff: A systematic review and meta-analysis

EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Dec:29:100612. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100612. Epub 2020 Nov 4.

Authors

Kun Wang¹, Changshuai Wu¹, Jian Xu¹, Baohui Zhang¹, Xiaowang Zhang¹, Zhenglian Gao¹, Zhengyuan Xia^{2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 6 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
² Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
³ Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.

Abstract

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can complicate the perioperative course to increase postoperative mortality in operative patients, and also is a serious threat to medical staff. However, studies summarizing the impact of COVID-19 on the perioperative mortality of patients and on the safety of medical staff are lacking.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese database National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with the search terms "COVID-19″ or "SARS-CoV-2″ and "Surgery" or "Operation" for all published articles on COVID-19 from December 1, 2019 to October 5, 2020.

Findings: A total of 269 patients from 47 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The mean age of operative patients with COVID-19 was 50.91 years, and 49% were female. A total of 28 patients were deceased, with the overall mortality of 6%. All deceased patients had postoperative complications associated with operation or COVID-19, including respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), short of breath, dyspnea, fever, cough, fatigue or myalgia, cardiopulmonary system, shock/infection, acute kidney injury and severe lymphopenia. Patients who presented any or more of the symptoms of respiratory failure, ARDS, short of breath and dyspnea after operation were associated with significantly higher mortality (r = 0.891, p < 0.001), while patients whose symptoms were presented as fever, cough, fatigue or myalgia only demonstrated marginally significant association with postoperative mortality (r = 0.675, p = 0.023). Twenty studies reported the information of medical staff infection, and a total of 38 medical staff were infected, and medical staff who used biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) protective equipment did not get infected.

Interpretation: COVID-19 patients, in particular those with severe respiratory complications, may have high postoperative mortality. Medical staff in close contact with infected patients is suggested to take high level personal protective equipment (PPE).

Funding: Heilongjiang postdoctoral scientific research developmental fund and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Keywords: COVID-19; Medical staff safety; Mortality; Personal protective equipment; Surgery.