Proteomic profiling of various human dental stem cells - a systematic review

Jagadish Hosmani; Khalil Assiri; Hussain Mohammed Almubarak; Master Luqman Mannakandath; Ahmed Al-Hakami; Shankargouda Patil; Deepa Babji; Sachin Sarode; Anantharam Devaraj; Harish C Chandramoorthy

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1214

Proteomic profiling of various human dental stem cells - a systematic review

World J Stem Cells. 2020 Oct 26;12(10):1214-1236. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1214.

Affiliations

¹ Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
² Diagnostic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
³ Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of oral Pathology, Jazan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaun 590 010, Karnataka, India.
⁶ Department of Oral Pathology, Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India.
⁷ Center for Stem Cell Research and Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Saudi Arabia. ccharishjabali@gmail.com.

Abstract

Background: The proteomic signature or profile best describes the functional component of a cell during its routine metabolic and survival activities. Additional complexity in differentiation and maturation is observed in stem/progenitor cells. The role of functional proteins at the cellular level has long been attributed to anatomical niches, and stem cells do not deflect from this attribution. Human dental stem cells (hDSCs), on the whole, are a combination of mesenchymal and epithelial coordinates observed throughout craniofacial bones to pulp.

Aim: To specify the proteomic profile and compare each type of hDSC with other mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of various niches. Furthermore, we analyzed the characteristics of the microenvironment and preconditioning changes associated with the proteomic profile of hDSCs and their influence on committed lineage differentiation.

Methods: Literature searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from January 1990 to December 2018. An extra inquiry of the grey literature was completed on Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. Relevant MeSH terms (PubMed) and keywords related to dental stem cells were used independently and in combination.

Results: The initial search resulted in 134 articles. Of the 134 full-texts assessed, 96 articles were excluded and 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed. The overall assessment of hDSCs and other MSCs suggests that differences in the proteomic profile can be due to stem cellular complexity acquired from varied tissue sources during embryonic development. However, our comparison of the proteomic profile suffered inconsistencies due to the heterogeneity of various hDSCs. We believe that the existence of a heterogeneous population of stem cells at a given niche determines the modalities of regeneration or tissue repair. Added prominences to the differences present between various hDSCs have been reasoned out.

Conclusion: Systematic review on proteomic studies of various hDSCs are promising as an eye-opener for revisiting the proteomic profile and in-depth analysis to elucidate more refined mechanisms of hDSC functionalities.

Keywords: Apical papilla stem cells; Dental follicle stem cells; Dental pulp stem cells; Periodontal ligament stem cells; Proteomics.