Meta-analysis Comparing Outcomes in Patients With and Without Cardiac Injury and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19)

Abstract

Current evidence is limited to small studies describing the association between cardiac injury and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies in COVID-19 patients to evaluate the association between cardiac injury and all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury and coagulopathy. Further, studies comparing cardiac biomarker levels in survivors versus nonsurvivors were included. A total of 14 studies (3,175 patients) were utilized for the final analysis. Cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19 was associated with higher risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR]:7.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.69 to 13.01; I²=58%), ICU admission (RR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.50 to 10.97; I² = 61%), mechanical ventilation (RR: 5.53; 95% CI: 3.09 to 9.91; I² = 0%), and developing coagulopathy (RR: 3.86; 95% CI:2.81 to 5.32; I² = 0%). However, cardiac injury was not associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR:3.22; 95% CI:0.72 to 14.47; I² = 73%) or acute kidney injury (RR: 11.52, 95% CI:0.03 to 4,159.80; I² = 0%). The levels of hs-cTnI (MD:34.54 pg/ml;95% CI: 24.67 to 44.40 pg/ml; I² = 88%), myoglobin (MD:186.81 ng/ml; 95% CI: 121.52 to 252.10 ng/ml; I² = 88%), NT-pro BNP (MD:1183.55 pg/ml; 95% CI: 520.19 to 1846.91 pg/ml: I² = 96%) and CK-MB (MD:2.49 ng/ml;95% CI: 1.86 to 3.12 ng/ml; I² = 90%) were significantly elevated in nonsurvivors compared with survivors with COVID-19 infection. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that cardiac injury is associated with higher mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.