Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Barrett's Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has gastrointestinal implications as it is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Less certain is an independent association between OSA and Barrett's esophagus. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between OSA and Barrett's esophagus.

Methods: A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed. Inclusion criteria were observational studies (retrospective and case-control) assessing the association between OSA and Barrett's esophagus in adult subjects. Data from the included studies were extracted and used to calculate the pooled odds ratio of OSA with 95% confidence interval (CI) between patients with Barrett's esophagus and those without, using a random-effects model.

Results: Altogether six studies involving 2333 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis found a significantly increased risk of OSA, high risk of OSA, and patient-reported OSA symptoms among patients with Barrett's esophagus versus those without Barrett's esophagus, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.19 (95% CI 1.53-3.15). A subgroup analysis for cases of definite OSA (formally diagnosed via polysomnography) and Barrett's esophagus (n = 2 studies) also demonstrated significant association (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.39-4.84).

Conclusion: A significantly increased risk of OSA among patients with Barrett's esophagus was demonstrated in this meta-analysis. Further investigation is warranted to determine the pathophysiology and clinical implications of this association.

Keywords: Barrett’s esophagus; Obstructive sleep apnea.