Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 9;11(1):6317. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19741-6.

Abstract

Anecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, exhibits differences in morbidity and mortality between sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 3,111,714 reported global cases to demonstrate that, whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have almost three times the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit (ITU) admission (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 2.06, 3.92) and higher odds of death (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.47) compared to females. With few exceptions, the sex bias observed in COVID-19 is a worldwide phenomenon. An appreciation of how sex is influencing COVID-19 outcomes will have important implications for clinical management and mitigation strategies for this disease.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / diagnosis
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Mortality*
  • Pandemics
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Sex Factors*