Abdominal wall endometriomas. Should the approach vary based on its relationship to the fascia? A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction: Abdominal wall endometrioma (AWE) is a rare encountered condition with a prevalence of 1-2%. Multiple diagnostic and treatment modalities are available; however, no clear guidelines exist. On occasions muscle and fascia excision might be necessary to achieve a clear margin. To avoid mesh complications, we believe the treatment should depend on tumor location in relation to the abdominal wall fascia. As far as we know this approach has not been previously discussed.

Presentation: A 29-year old female with a surgical history of 3 C-sections presented to us with 6 months of cyclical abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of a mass overlying the left lower rectus abdominis muscle. After imaging studies, the mass was surgically excised. Pathology confirmed a benign endometrioma.

Discussion: Unfortunately, the surgical literature has not established a consensus on the best approach for diagnosis and management of this condition. The purpose of this report is to not only to present another case of this rare phenomenon, but to address the need for guidelines and review the current diagnostic and treatment available options. We also attempt to increase the awareness of this condition, it's unlikely malignant degeneration and potential morbidity of surgical excision.

Conclusion: Surgical excision remains the standard of care for AWEs. In those patients where the fascia and muscle must be excised, we recommend less invasive modalities to avoid mesh complications. The need for guidelines remains.

Keywords: Approach; Case report; Endometrioma; Malignancy.