Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism can be due to excessive androgen secretion from adrenal or ovarian virilizing tumors or nonneoplastic conditions. The etiology of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism can be difficult to discern because of limited accuracy of current diagnostic tests. This systematic review compares the diagnostic accuracy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue stimulation test against selective ovarian and adrenal vein sampling of androgens in distinguishing neoplastic from nonneoplastic causes of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Diagnostic test accuracy studies on these index tests in postmenopausal women were selected based on preestablished criteria. The true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative values were extracted and meta-analysis was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristics curve method. The summary sensitivity of the GnRH analogue stimulation test is 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1%-46.7%) and that for selective venous sampling is 100% (95% CI, 0%-100%). Both tests have 100% specificity. There is limited evidence for the use of either test in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.
Keywords: Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism; adrenal neoplasms; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue stimulation test; ovarian neoplasms; selective adrenal and ovarian vein catheterization; virilizing tumors.
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.